SusHi Tech Tokyo, Asia’s largest startup convention, opened Monday at Tokyo Big Sight in Koto Ward for its fourth annual edition, running April 27 to 29. The event features 770 exhibitions across four thematic areas – AI, robotics, resilience, and entertainment – and is expected to draw approximately 60,000 attendees over the three days, with the first two days reserved for business participants and Wednesday open to the general public.

Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike opened the event Monday morning, framing the conference’s focus on sustainable urban technology against a backdrop of geopolitical volatility, climate disruption, and accelerating AI development. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi joined Koike on stage in the afternoon to address the role of startups in driving national economic transformation.

Business Matching at Scale

The convention’s primary function is connecting startups with large corporations, institutional investors, and venture capital. Last year, approximately 6,000 business negotiations were facilitated through the event, with 45% of survey respondents reporting that conversations led to collaboration or funding outcomes. This year’s organizers are targeting 10,000 negotiations, supported by the introduction of an AI-powered business matching app that allows participants to connect directly through the platform and receive AI-generated recommendations for relevant contacts and companies.

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has placed particular emphasis on drawing large Japanese corporations looking to actively engage with and invest in startups, alongside international investors seeking access to Japan’s technology ecosystem.

Robotics and AI on the Exhibition Floor

Robotics features prominently across the exhibition floor and panel program. Demonstrations include an anthropomorphic heavy machine designed for high-altitude work, reflecting Japan’s interest in deploying robotic systems in construction and infrastructure maintenance – sectors directly affected by the country’s labor shortage. Drone soccer demonstrations represent the entertainment and sports technology dimension of the robotics track.

The convention’s four-theme structure – AI, robotics, resilience, and entertainment – reflects Tokyo’s strategic priorities as it positions itself as a technology hub capable of competing with other global startup ecosystems. With 21 international city pavilions represented at the event, the organizers are also reinforcing the global dimension of the conference, providing Japanese startups with direct exposure to international capital and potential partners.

Of the 158 panel sessions scheduled over three days, a significant portion addresses AI and robotics applications in urban environments – a topic of particular urgency in Japan given the combination of record inbound tourism, a shrinking domestic workforce, and government pressure to accelerate automation across both public and private sector operations.

South Korea’s National Fire Agency has announced a comprehensive overhaul of its disaster response system, with unmanned firefighting robots at the center of its near-term equipment expansion. The agency plans to add 18 robots over the next two years, bringing the total fleet from four to 22 units, before gradually extending deployment to fire headquarters across cities and provinces nationwide.

NFA Commissioner Kim Seung-ryong outlined the plan at a press briefing in Sejong on Thursday, his first public statement since taking office in October. The measures respond to an increase in large-scale, hard-to-access disasters – including fires at logistics facilities involving toxic gases and explosion risks – where personnel safety constraints limit how close human firefighters can operate.

Shifting to a Robot-Centered Response Model

The agency’s stated objective is to transition from a personnel-dependent response model to one centered on AI and robotics, reducing exposure of on-site staff in the most hazardous scenarios. Unmanned firefighting robots are designed to enter environments that would require human crews to operate at unsafe proximity to flames, structural collapse risk, or chemical hazard zones.

Alongside the robot expansion, the NFA will extend its high-capacity foam discharge system – used for large-scale incidents such as oil tank fires – to the Honam and metropolitan regions, adding geographic coverage for a class of industrial fire that has grown more common as logistics and warehousing infrastructure has expanded.

The preventive inspection system is also being strengthened. The agency is evaluating a shift from fire-station-only inspections to a government-wide joint system involving agencies responsible for construction, electricity, and gas. High-risk facilities with repeated fire incidents will be designated as key fire safety management targets and subjected to intensified public oversight through joint drills and safety investigations.

Emergency Transport Reform

The overhaul extends beyond firefighting into emergency patient transport. The NFA plans to strengthen the Central Emergency Medical Situation Control Center’s authority to intervene directly when regional centers cannot place patients, arranging hospital admissions nationwide rather than within regional boundaries. For high-risk cases including emergency obstetric patients, 119 emergency services will transport directly to facilities with neonatal intensive care capacity regardless of provincial jurisdiction.

For long-distance transport, the agency intends to expand use of its 33 air ambulances currently operating nationally.

Regulatory Reform

The agency is also initiating a regulatory overhaul of the firefighting industry. It will shift to a negative regulatory framework – permitting everything not explicitly prohibited by law – and has announced a Fire Prevention Regulation Rationalization Task Force combining industry, academic, and research expertise. Major firefighting laws including the Fire Facilities Act and the Hazardous Substances Safety Management Act will be reviewed from the ground up to remove unnecessary administrative constraints.

The announcement follows a line-of-duty deaths investigation stemming from a fire at a seafood processing facility in South Jeolla Province. A 26-member joint fire investigation team is conducting a detailed analysis, with institutional reforms to follow based on its findings.

The founders of Leader Harmonious Drive Systems, known as Leaderdrive, have become billionaires after shares in the Chinese robotic joint maker rose 40% over the past year. Chairman Zuo Yuyu, 56, and vice chairman Zuo Jing, 61, each hold a 17% stake in the company, giving both a net worth of approximately $1 billion at last Thursday’s closing price of 203.8 yuan, according to Forbes.

Leaderdrive is China’s largest manufacturer of harmonic reducers – precision gear systems that function as joints in robotic arms and humanoid machines – and holds between 30% and 40% of the domestic market, according to J.P. Morgan. Its clients include leading humanoid robot manufacturers Agibot and UBTECH Robotics.

Financial Performance

The company reported revenue of 570.7 million yuan in 2025, up 47% year-on-year, with net profit more than doubling to 124.4 million yuan. Leaderdrive attributed the growth to rapid expansion across both industrial robotics and humanoid robot markets, two segments that advanced simultaneously through 2025 as humanoid platforms moved from pilot deployments into early mass production.

Global humanoid robot shipments rose nearly 480% in 2025 to 13,318 units, according to research firm Omdia. The same firm projects that figure will reach 2.6 million units by 2035 – a trajectory that, if realized, would make harmonic reducer supply one of the most significant bottlenecks in the humanoid robot supply chain.

The Company’s Origins

Leaderdrive was founded in 2011 by Zuo Yuyu, a physics graduate of Nanjing University who began his career in mechanical engineering before pivoting to robotics in 2003. The company spent years developing harmonic reducers at a time when the key technologies were dominated by Japanese manufacturers. “If there’s a secret to our success, it’s the ability to endure and the willingness to invest the time,” Yuyu said in a 2020 interview. Zuo Jing joined as general manager in 2014, and the brothers took the company public on Shanghai’s STAR Market in 2020, raising approximately 1.1 billion yuan in its IPO.

A Broader Supply Chain Wealth Effect

The Zuo brothers are part of a growing cohort of Chinese entrepreneurs whose fortunes are rising with the robotics supply chain. Wang Xinyang, founder of image sensor maker Gpixel Changchun Microelectronics, and Howard Huang, founder of Shenzhen-based 3D vision camera company Orbbec, represent parallel examples of component-layer companies benefiting from the acceleration in humanoid robot demand.

The pattern reflects where value is accumulating in the current phase of the humanoid robot industry. While robot manufacturers compete on AI capability and deployment scale, the component makers supplying precision mechanical systems – reducers, sensors, actuators – face demand that scales with every robot shipped, regardless of which platform wins the market. Leaderdrive’s position as the dominant domestic harmonic reducer supplier places it directly in that supply chain layer.

Tesla CEO Elon Musk said on the company’s Q1 2026 earnings call that Tesla intends to unveil Optimus V3 closer to the robot’s production start date, targeting a July-August window. The decision represents a change in the company’s approach to product demonstrations, driven by concerns that competitors are replicating Tesla’s robotics technology through detailed analysis of publicly shared footage.

“We’ve found out our competitors literally do a frame-by-frame analysis and copy everything we’re doing,” Musk said. “I think there’s some value to not showing new technology until it’s close to production.”

A New Production Line

Musk noted that the Optimus production line has been rebuilt from scratch. The facility previously used to manufacture the Model S and Model X was repurposed, but Optimus required a fundamentally different manufacturing approach. “Optimus is a completely new product with a completely new production line,” he said.

The decision to consolidate the unveil and production timelines reflects a broader shift in how Tesla is managing its robotics program competitively. Earlier Optimus demonstrations were staged at significant lead times before any production capability existed, a practice that gave competitors extended observation windows. Moving the reveal closer to the production start compresses that window while also allowing Tesla to demonstrate a robot that more accurately reflects what will reach customers.

Investor Concerns and the Autonomy Question

The Optimus update came alongside earnings results that beat market expectations on revenue and free cash flow. However, investor sentiment on Tesla’s longer-term autonomy programs remained mixed. Investor Gary Black of The Future Fund said he expects Tesla’s valuation to come under pressure due to what he described as a slowdown in autonomous vehicle and robotaxi development timelines.

Investor Ross Gerber of Gerber Kawasaki raised a separate concern after Musk acknowledged that vehicles equipped with the Hardware 3 chip would not be capable of achieving unsupervised Full Self-Driving. The admission has implications for owners of older Tesla vehicles who purchased the FSD software option under the expectation that future software updates would eventually enable full autonomy on their hardware.

On the vehicle sales side, Tesla delivered 31,958 units in California in Q1 2026, a decline of more than 10,000 units from the 42,000 delivered in the same quarter of 2025. The Model Y remained the best-selling electric vehicle in the state despite the overall volume decline.

Competitive Context

The frame-by-frame copying accusation reflects the intensity of competition in the humanoid robot segment, where Chinese manufacturers in particular have made significant hardware and software advances over the past two years. Tesla has been among the most public in demonstrating Optimus capabilities, and Musk’s comments suggest the company now views that openness as a competitive liability. The July-August production timeline, if met, would make Optimus V3 one of the earlier next-generation humanoid platforms to enter volume production anywhere in the industry.