Machine Learning

Machine learning is a foundational area of artificial intelligence that enables systems to identify patterns, learn from data, and improve performance over time without explicit programming. It underpins many capabilities used in robotics, automation, and intelligent software, including perception, prediction, decision-making, and adaptive control. This topic covers major learning approaches such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, as well as deep learning architectures used in vision, language, and robotics. It also addresses challenges related to data quality, model training, deployment, and reliability in real-world systems. As machine learning moves from research into production environments, it remains a critical driver of scalable, intelligent behavior across digital and physical systems.